Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) Model Descriptions

One objective of the Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling (CISM) is to generate physics-based Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) models.  This website provides several synopses of existing SEP-related models.  The models are organized into three classes: Solar Proton Fluence Models, Solar Proton Flux Models, and Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) Propagation Models.  Click on any of the links below to learn more about each class of model.  This site will be regularly updated as new models are developed.

Solar Proton Fluence Models
The most widely used SEP models are the Solar Proton Fluence Models.  Fluence is the time-integrated flux crossing a given surface, so solar proton fluence is an appropriate measure of acculumated radiation dose over an extended period of time. 

Solar Proton Flux Models
Solar Proton Flux Models are useful for examining and comparing individual particle events.  These models are particularly useful for estimating and predicting the potential impact of "worst case" solar events on electronic and biological systems.

CME Propagation Models
A large portion of the SEP fluxes observed at Earth are believed to originate from interplanetary shockwaves formed by Coronal Mass Ejections.  Thus, CME Propagation Models provide insight into the spatial and temporal variations of solar particle events observed at Earth.